Terapias biológicas en artroscopía de rodilla. De las ciencias básicas a la aplicación clínica

Abstract

Intra-articular structures such as articular cartilage, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and menisci have limited healing potential after injury. The greater knowledge of the basic sciences and the advent of biological therapies have created a great interest in the use of different augmentation strategies, whose objective is to facilitate the healing process of these knee structures.
To present a current concept review on the use of biological therapies in knee arthroscopy.
A literature review was performed that included searches of the PubMed, Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases using the following keywords: Biological therapies, ACL tears, meniscal tears, articular cartilage injury, PRP, BMAC, Bio-Orthopaedics and Orthobiologics.
It has been reported that the use of biological augmentation techniques, including Platelet rich plasma (PRP), bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), and other cellular therapies for injuries to articular cartilage, ACL, and menisci, could facilitate the healing process with promising clinical results.
There is a growing interest in the use of biological therapies in knee injuries with heterogeneous but promising clinical results. Additional, randomized, prospective, controlled, and comparative studies are needed to determine the true efficacy of different biological augmentation strategies in the clinical setting.