Efecto de la reconstrucción del ligamento patelofemoral medial sobre la altura patelar en pacientes esqueléticamente inmaduros: análisis radiográfico y funcional

Autores/as

  • Lucas D. Marangoni Sanatorio Allende. Córdoba, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1472-2309
  • Iván J. Bitar Sanatorio Allende. Córdoba, Argentina
  • Damián G. Bustos Sanatorio Allende. Córdoba, Argentina
  • Luciano Pezzutti Sanatorio Allende. Córdoba, Argentina
  • Lucía B. Bitar Sanatorio Allende. Córdoba, Argentina
  • Valentín Rivera Bacile Sanatorio Allende. Córdoba, Argentina
  • Nicolás Rabello Sanatorio Allende. Córdoba, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-2124
  • Javier Masquijo Sanatorio Allende. Córdoba, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9018-0612

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63403/re.v32i3.444

Palabras clave:

Inestabilidad rotuliana, Patela alta, Reconstrucción del ligamento patelofemoral medial, Caton-Deschamps, Pediatría

Resumen

Introducción: en pacientes pediátricos con fisis abierta y patela alta que presentan inestabilidad patelofemoral (IPF) recurrente, la reconstrucción del ligamento patelofemoral medial (RLPFM) ha demostrado ser una técnica quirúrgica eficaz, pero su efecto sobre la altura rotuliana aún no ha sido claramente establecido.

Objetivo: evaluar si la reconstrucción aislada del LPFM en pacientes pediátricos con patela alta y fisis abierta modifica la altura patelar y se correlaciona con los resultados clínicos y funcionales. Nuestra hipótesis fue que la reconstrucción aislada del LPFM podría asociarse a una disminución de la altura patelar y a mejores resultados funcionales en esta población.

Materiales y métodos: desarrollamos un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y analítico que incluyó a 26 pacientes de ≤16 años con patela alta, fisis abierta e IPF tratados mediante RLPFM. Se evaluaron los puntajes de Lysholm, Tegner e IKDC, y se calcularon los valores umbral clínicamente importantes (MCID y PASS). Se analizó el índice de Caton-Deschamps en radiografías laterales pre y postoperatorias. El nivel de significancia se fijó en p <0.05.

Resultados: de los 32 pacientes incluidos inicialmente, 26 completaron un seguimiento mínimo de 24 meses. Se observaron mejoras significativas en los puntajes funcionales: Lysholm (43.7 ± 4.7 a 87.1 ± 3.6; p <0.0001; IC 95 % 38.7–44.9); Tegner (2.8 ± 0.8 a 8.8 ± 0.8; p <0.0001; IC 95 % 5.7–6.1) e IKDC subjetivo (52.3 % ± 6.4 a 91.6 % ± 5.2; p <0.0001; IC 95 % 38.1–44.5). El índice de Caton-Deschamps disminuyó significativamente. No se registraron recurrencias ni complicaciones postoperatorias.

Conclusión: la reconstrucción aislada del ligamento patelofemoral medial en pacientes esqueléticamente inmaduros con inestabilidad patelofemoral y patela alta leve se asoció a una disminución significativa del índice de Caton-Deschamps y a una mejoría funcional clínicamente relevante, sin recurrencias ni complicaciones, lo que respalda su uso como opción eficaz y segura en casos seleccionados.

Nivel de evidencia: IV. Estudio de Cohorte Retrospectiva

Citas

Hiemstra LA, Kerslake S, Lafave M. Assessment of demographic and pathoanatomic risk factors in recurrent patellofemoral instability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017 Dec;25(12):3849-3855. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-016-4346-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-016-4346-0

Schneider DK, Grawe B, Magnussen RA, Ceasar A, Parikh SN, Wall EJ, et al. Outcomes after isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for the treatment of recurrent lateral patellar dislocations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med. 2016 Nov;44(11):2993-3005. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0363546515624673. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546515624673

Erickson BJ, Nguyen J, Gasik K, Gruber S, Brady J, Shubin Stein BE. Isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for patellar instability regardless of tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance and patellar height: outcomes at 1 and 2 years. Am J Sports Med. 2019 May;47(6):1331-1337. doi: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546519835800

https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0363546519835800.

Sanchis-Alfonso V. Guidelines for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in chronic lateral patellar instability. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014 Mar;22(3):175-182. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-22-03-175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-22-03-175

Aulisa AG, Falciglia F, Giordano M, Savignoni P, Guzzanti V. Galeazzi's modified technique for recurrent patella dislocation in skeletally immature patients. J Orthop Sci. 2012 Mar;17(2):148-155. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00776-011-0189-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-011-0189-1

Wagner D, Pfalzer F, Hingelbaum S, Huth J, Mauch F, Bauer G. The influence of risk factors on clinical outcomes following anatomical medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using the gracilis tendon. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013 Feb;21(2):318-324. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-012-2015-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-012-2015-5

Grannatt K, Heyworth BE, Ogunwole O, Micheli LJ, Kocher MS. Galeazzi semitendinosus tenodesis for patellofemoral instability in skeletally immature patients. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012 Sep;32(6):621-625. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0b013e318263a230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0b013e318263a230

Dejour H, Walch G, Nove-Josserand L, Guier C. Factors of patellar instability: an anatomic radiographic study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1994;2(1):19-26. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1007/BF01552649. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01552649

Balcarek P, Jung K, Ammon J, Walde TA, Frosch S, Schüttrumpf JP, et al. Anatomy of lateral patellar instability: trochlear dysplasia and tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance is more pronounced in women who dislocate the patella. Am J Sports Med. 2010 Nov;38(11):2320-2327. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0363546510373887. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510373887

Fabricant PD, Ladenhauf HN, Salvati EA, Green DW. Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction improves radiographic measures of patella alta in children. Knee. 2014 Dec;21(6):1180-1184. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2014.07.023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2014.07.023

Hopper GP, Leach WJ, Rooney BP, Walker CR, Blyth MJ. Does degree of trochlear dysplasia and position of femoral tunnel influence outcome after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction? Am J Sports Med. 2014 Mar;42(3):716-722. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0363546513518413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546513518413

Howells NR, Barnett AJ, Ahearn N, Ansari A, Eldridge JD. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: a prospective outcome assessment of a large single centre series. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012 Sep;94(9):1202-1208. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.94B9.28738. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.94B9.28738

Hiemstra LA, Kerslake S, Lafave MR. Patellar apprehension is reduced in most but not all patients after successful patellar stabilization. Am J Sports Med. 2021 Mar;49(4):975-981. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520988731. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546520988731

Lykissas MG, Li T, Eismann EA, Parikh SN. Does medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction decrease patellar height? A preliminary report. J Pediatr Orthop. 2014;34:78-85. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0b013e3182a12102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0b013e3182a12102

Luceri F, Roger J, Randelli PS, Lustig S, Servien E. How does isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction influence patellar height? Am J Sports Med. 2020 Mar;48(4):895-900. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520902132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546520902132

Woodmass JM, Johnson NR, Cates RA, Krych AJ, Stuart MJ, Dahm DL. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction reduces radiographic measures of patella alta in adults. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018 Jan 25;6(1):2325967117751659. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117751659. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967117751659

Anagnostakos K, Lorbach O, Reiter S, Kohn D. Comparison of five patellar height measurement methods in 90° knee flexion. Int Orthop. 2011 Dec;35(12):1791-1797. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00264-011-1236-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-011-1236-4

Caton JH, Dejour D. Tibial tubercle osteotomy in patello-femoral instability and in patellar height abnormality. Int Orthop. 2010 Feb;34(2):305-309. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00264-009-0929-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-009-0929-4

Thévenin-Lemoine C, Ferrand M, Courvoisier A, Damsin JP, Ducou le Pointe H, Vialle R. Is the Caton-Deschamps index a valuable ratio to investigate patellar height in children? J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011 Apr;93(8):e35. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.J.00759. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.J.00759

Shamrock AG, Day MA, Duchman KR, Glass N, Westermann RW. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in skeletally immature patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthop J Sports Med. 2019 Jul;7(7):2325967119855023. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119855023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967119855023

Nelitz M, Dreyhaupt J, Reichel H, Woelfle J, Lippacher S. Anatomic reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament in children and adolescents with open growth plates: surgical technique and clinical outcome. Am J Sports Med. 2013 Jan;41(1):58-63. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0363546512463683. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546512463683

Hiemstra LA, Kerslake S, Lafave MR, Tucker A. Patella alta is reduced following MPFL reconstruction but has no effect on quality-of-life outcomes in patients with patellofemoral instability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2021 Feb;29(2):546-552. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-05977-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-05977-8

Tegner Y, Lysholm J. Rating systems in the evaluation of knee ligament injuries. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985 Sep;(198):43-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-198509000-00007

Lysholm J, Gillquist J. Evaluation of knee ligament surgery results with special emphasis on use of a scoring scale. Am J Sports Med. 1982 May-Jun;10(3):150-154. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1177/036354658201000306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658201000306

Herrera Rodríguez JS, Ponce de León MC, Castañeda JF, Yela H, Díaz A. Transcultural validation and adaptation of the Pedi-IKDC scale for the functional assessment of children that undergo knee surgery. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol. 2022 Nov-Dec;66(6):500-503. English, Spanish. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.recot.2022.06.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recot.2022.08.001

Jaeschke R, Singer J, Guyatt GH. Measurement of health status. Ascertaining the minimal clinically important difference. Control Clin Trials. 1989 Dec;10(4):407-415. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(89)90005-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(89)90005-6

Tubach F, Ravaud P, Baron G, Falissard B, Logeart I, Bellamy N, et al. Evaluation of clinically relevant states in patient reported outcomes in knee and hip osteoarthritis: the patient acceptable symptom state. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Jan;64(1):34-37. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2004.023028. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2004.023028

Zhang Q, Ying L, Han D, Ye L, Tung TH, Liang J, et al. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament in skeletally immature patients using the modified sling procedure: a novel technique for MPFL reconstruction. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023 May;18(1):334. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03775-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03775-9

Yang DZ, Orellana K, Houlihan NV, Lee J, Carter MV, Ganley TJ, et al. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction improves patella alta. J Pediatr Orthop. 2025 Feb;45(2):e106-e111. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000002816. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000002816

Grammont PM, Latune D, Lammaire IP. Die behandlung der subluxation und luxation der kniescheibe beim Kind. Technik von Elmslie mit beweglichem weichteilstiel (8-Jahres-Ubersicht) [Treatment of subluxation and dislocation of the patella in the child. Elmslie technic with movable soft tissue pedicle (8 year review)]. Orthopade. 1985 Sep;14(4):229-238. German.

Kraus T, Lidder S, Švehlík M, Rippel K, Schneider F, Eberl R, et al. Patella re-alignment in children with a modified Grammont technique. Acta Orthop. 2012 Oct;83(5):504-510. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.3109/17453674.2012.736168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/17453674.2012.736168

Masquijo JJ. Transferencia subperióstica del tendón rotuliano en pacientes esqueléticamente inmaduros con inestabilidad patelofemoral.RELART. 2021;28(3):227-231.

Bartsch A, Lubberts B, Mumme M, Egloff C, Pagenstert G. Does patella alta lead to worse clinical outcome in patients who undergo isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction? A systematic review. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2018 Nov;138(11):1563-1573. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00402-018-2971-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-018-2971-4

Descargas

Publicado

2025-12-01

Cómo citar

1.
Marangoni LD, Bitar IJ, Bustos DG, Pezzutti L, Bitar LB, Rivera Bacile V, et al. Efecto de la reconstrucción del ligamento patelofemoral medial sobre la altura patelar en pacientes esqueléticamente inmaduros: análisis radiográfico y funcional. RELART [Internet]. 1 de diciembre de 2025 [citado 8 de diciembre de 2025];32(3):197-204. Disponible en: https://revistarelart.com/index.php/revista/article/view/444

Número

Sección

Artículo Original